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Joseph Napoleon's Regiment (France)
Joseph Napoleon's Regiment ((フランス語:Régiment Joseph Napoléon)) or Spanish Regiment ((フランス語:Régiment Espagnol)) was a regiment formed from Spanish prisoners of war, which served in the French Army from 1809 until 1813, participating in the 1812 Russian campaign and 1813 campaign in Germany.
== Background ==
In 1807, the Bourbon monarchs of Spain sent an expeditionary force from the regular Spanish Army to Northern Europe, to serve with the French La Grande Armée. The expeditionary force, the Division of the North, was commanded by Marquis de la Romana and consisted of four regiments of line infantry, five regiments of cavalry, two battalions of light infantry, and supporting artillery. The Spanish expeditionary force participated in the siege of the Swedish fortress of Stralsund in late 1807. The Spanish expeditionary force was then broken up and stationed in different parts of Denmark.
The Spanish expeditionary force was still in Denmark in the summer of 1808, when news of events in Spain arrived. The Bourbons of Spain had been forced to abdicate and Napoleon proclaimed his brother, Joseph Bonaparte, as King of Spain on 6 June 1808. Napoleon’s invasion of Portugal and overthrowing of the Spanish monarchs would result in conflict between France and Portugal, Spain, and Great Britain in the Iberian Peninsula until 1814, which became known as the Peninsular War.
The crowning of Joseph Bonaparte as King of Spain was considered by many in the Spanish expeditionary force as disgraceful.〔Dempsey, p.259〕 However, the Spanish expeditionary force was too far from Spain and too close to French forces to do anything about the situation in Spain. However, a British agent contacted the leader of the Spanish expeditionary force, Marquis de la Romana, and offered transportation to Spain by British ships, La Romana accepted. In August 1808 the Spanish expeditionary force seized the Danish port of Nyborg; however, not all the units of the Spanish expeditionary force made a successful embarkation, the ''Asturias'' and ''Guadalaxara'' Spanish infantry regiments were overwhelmed, disarmed and captured by French and Danish forces.〔Dempsey, p.260〕 While the ''Algarve'' Spanish cavalry regiment, the farthest unit from Nyborg, did not attempt to escape and actually revealed the escape plot to the French.〔 In total over 3,500 Spanish troops become prisoners of war.〔
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